Nanquan appears in several koans:
◦4 koans in The Gateless Gate (14, 19, 27, 34),
◦6 koans in the Blue Cliff Record (28, 31, 40, 63, 64, 69), and
◦3 koans in The Book of Equanimity (9, 69, 91).
Two koans from the Blue Cliff Record (28 & 69) depict Nanquan as an advanced student interacting with fellow students of Mǎzŭ, and the others depict him as a teacher in his own right.
A well-known koan is case 14 of the Gateless Gate, "Nansen kills the cat":
Once the monks of the eastern and western Zen halls were quarrelling about a cat. Nansen held up the cat and said, "You monks! If one of you can say a word, I will spare the cat. If you can't say anything, I will put it to the sword." No one could answer, so Nansen finally slew it. In the evening, when Joshu returned, Nansen told him what had happened. Joshu, thereupon, took off his sandals, put them on his head and walked off. Nansen said, "If you had been there, I could have spared the cat."